Hyperpigmentation, marked by dark spots and uneven skin discoloration, often becomes more noticeable after summer, as Dr. Goldfaden notes, “Post-summer damage starts to show in the form of photo-damaged skin, discoloration, dehydration, dull/lackluster complexion, and congestion.” This guide explores the causes of hyperpigmentation, including melasma and post-inflammatory types, and offers expert advice on prevention and treatment. By incorporating targeted exfoliation and hydrating moisturizers, along with subtle adjustments to your skincare routine and diet, you can achieve a clearer, more radiant complexion and tackle the effects of sun damage and discoloration.
What is Hyperpigmentation?
Hyperpigmentation is when you notice dark spots or patches on your skin that stand out from the rest. This usually happens because your skin is trying to protect itself from the sun’s harmful UV rays. When you get too much sun exposure, your skin produces extra melanin, the pigment that gives your skin its color. This excess melanin is carried to the surface by cells called keratinocytes, leading to noticeable dark spots. There are different types of hyperpigmentation to be aware of: age spots or sun spots from sun damage, melasma which often shows up during hormonal changes, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation that can occur after skin injury or inflammation. Knowing what type you’re dealing with can help you find the best way to treat and prevent these spots.
What Causes Hyperpigmentation?
Hyperpigmentation occurs when your skin’s natural response to sun exposure goes into overdrive. When exposed to too much sunlight, the melanocytes in the deeper layers of your skin start producing more melanin—the pigment that gives your skin its color. These melanin-packed cells, known as melanosomes, are carried to the surface by keratinocytes, leading to the dark spots or patches you see. But it's not just the sun that can trigger hyperpigmentation; hormones and birth control pills can also play a role, with sunlight potentially making the condition worse. Interestingly, darker skin types are generally more prone to hyperpigmentation. While all skin has the same number of melanosomes, those in darker skin are larger, making them more susceptible to developing dark spots.
How to Prevent Hyperpigmentation
Preventing hyperpigmentation isn’t just about what you put on your skin—it’s also about what you put in your body. Dr. Goldfaden emphasizes that “healthy-looking skin is a 360-degree approach to wellness.” A diet rich in fatty acids, such as those found in avocados, salmon, and leafy greens, can help keep skin congestion and inflammation at bay while delivering essential vitamins and nutrients to your system. On the flip side, avoiding alcohol, white carbs, and refined sugar is crucial, as these can trigger inflammation and exacerbate skin issues. By combining a balanced diet with proper sun protection and a tailored skincare routine, you can effectively reduce your risk of developing hyperpigmentation.
Expert Tips on Managing Hyperpigmentation
Managing hyperpigmentation is a journey that requires consistency and patience. While it is possible to reverse dark spots, it’s a challenging process that demands diligence— even laser treatments aren’t always 100% effective, and spots can return. The best way to treat existing hyperpigmentation starts with prevention: always wear SPF, use sun-protective gear like hats, sunglasses, clothing and be cognizant of the heat, as this can activate hyperpigmentation too . Dr. Goldfaden advises that subtle changes to your skincare routine can make a big difference. “Polish and plump: this is the key,” he says, emphasizing the importance of exfoliation to remove dead, dull skin cells and reveal a brighter, smoother complexion. Follow this with an active treatment serum and a hydrating moisturizer to support your skin’s renewal process. By staying committed to these steps, you can gradually reduce the appearance of dark spots and improve your skin’s overall health.
Skincare Routine for Hyperpigmentation
1. Cleanse and Exfoliate: Start with a gentle cleanser such as Pure Start, followed by an exfoliant containing Glycolic Acid or Lactic Acid. Fresh A Peel is a great option helping to remove dead skin cells and reveal a brighter layer of skin beneath.
2. Incorporate Alpha Arbutin: For added spot treatment, apply a serum like Light Treatment with Alpha Arbutin. This ingredient helps to inhibit melanin production, further lightening the appearance of dark spots.
3. Hydrate and Protect: Follow up with a hydrating moisturizer, Vital Boost is a great daily hydrator enriched with Vitamin C to assist in improving the overall appearance of skin color and tone. Don't forget to always apply a broad-spectrum SPF to protect against UV rays, which can worsen hyperpigmentation.
